فصلنامه دانش مالی تحلیل اوراق بهادار
سال چهاردهم شماره 52 (زمستان 1400)

The purpose of this study is the effect of Earnings-Announcement Narrative and Investor Judgment with emphasis on behavioral biases. This study was performed on 245 investment experts and managers and ordinary investors who were randomly selected in 1399. To analyze the data and test the research hypotheses, the structural equation model was used with the help of Smart PLS software. Findings from the study indicate that the effect of the tone of the Earnings-Announcement on the investor's judgment is significant in cases of neutrality and all-roundness, but in the case of conflict has no significant effect. According to the calculated t-statistics on the effect of behavioral biases on investor judgment, it can be said that in all three cases of neutrality, alignment and conflict are not statistically significant and the second and third hypotheses of the study are not confirmed. According to the above result, it can be acknowledged that the effect of the profit announcement tone through behavioral biases on the investor's judgment is not statistically significant and the fourth and fifth hypotheses of the research are not accepted. Among the control variables, the effect of mathematical literacy on investor judgment is statistically significant. Findings from the test of research hypotheses in accordance with the theory of information duplication processing Epstein (1996) is based on an analytical system that is not affected by emotions and feelings in judgment and decision and logic and reasoning play a major role in judging and decision making.

Agility paradigm has been proposed to improve the ability in dynamic environment and organizational invariance. Undoubtedly, organizations can successfully use new approaches and strategies, such as agility. One of the responsibilities that can be used to achieve success in the realm of financial decisions is its managers. The responsibility of preparing and reporting the financial statements is as the core of financial reporting with the board of directors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between psychological disorders and agility in financial reporting. For this purpose, five incompatible personality profiles were introduced as follows: Antagonism, Detachment, Negative Affect, Disinhibition, Psychotics. The statistical population of this study is the managers of Iranian companies working in 2020. Using simple random sampling and Morgan table, 101 people were selected as the sample and were analyzed by soft ware of PLS software .The results of correlation analysis of management personality disorders with financial reporting agility indicate that managerial personality disorders have a negative and significant relationship with financial reporting agility .Also the findings showed that the relationship between Antagonism, Dis inhibition and Psychotics with agility in financial reporting is not significant. There is also a negative and significant relationship between Detachment and Negative affect with financial reporting agility .

Companies with good domestic cash flows are less likely to rely on external financing, and lenders are more likely to lend to these companies because of their good liquidity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting liquidity with the artificial intelligence approach and also to predict the liquidity of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, the financial information of 138 companies during 8 years from 2012 to 2020 was used to test the research hypotheses. In this study, the company's operating cash ratio was considered as a dependent variable (liquidity) and financial criteria were considered as the initial independent variable. The results showed that return on assets, tobin's Q ratio,working capital ratio, operating profit margin and dividend among other financial criteria have a greater impact on the company's liquidity with the Rilfe variable approach and also Lasso artificial intelligence approach has a high ability to predict corporate liquidity. It has Tehran Stock Exchange.

Trading options first entered the stock market in 1973, and since then there has been increasing growth in their market; So that in the current era of trading options in many markets around the world are being traded and bought and sold. In this study, Trading options and subordinate sales options were examined. Therefore, in this study, Trading options, Subordinate selling options and the performance of mutual funds and investment companies were examined with a dual differences approach.For this research, a sample of 38 investment companies and 244 investment funds of Tehran Stock Exchange were selected using sampling method. This research was conducted for the period 1393 to 1399. The statistical method used in this research is multivariate regression method using data panel method and "Difference-in-Difference". The results of this study showed that: the issuance of subordinated stock options and the issuance of stock options increase the performance of mutual funds and investment companies and also increase the performance of mutual funds and investment companies at times when companies The bonds issued by the subordinate stock are higher than when the companies issued the bonds.

With the growth of financial-behavioral hypotheses and conducting numerous studies to identify the effect of behavioral biases, one of the areas that has been considered by researchers is the field of research related to momentum strategy.The purpose of this study is investigating the disposition effect and anchoring bias separately and in combination with each other to impact momentum profits ad the role of retail investors in this relationship. The statistical population of the study includes companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange and the statistical sample includes 136 companies during the years 2007 to 2020. In this study, the effect of disposition effect has been calculated using the approach of Greenblatt and Han (2005) and Frazzini (2006) and the anchorage bias according to the method of George and Hwang (2004). The methodology of Jegadeesh and Titman (1993) has also been used to calculate momentum profits.To test the research hypotheses, the five-factor model of Fama and French (2015) has been used. The results of testing the research hypotheses show that the disposition effect increases the momentum profit. Anchoring bias also leads to an increase in momentum profit. Another result of the research indicates that the interaction effect of anchoring bias and the disposition effect while these two reinforce each other, is also associated with an increase in momentum profit. Finally, when anchoring bias and disposition effect work together, the presence of a high percentage of retail investors increases momentum profits.

Investors around the world are always looking for safe investments in the capital markets of countries or the stocks of their companies. Therefore, finding a practical and scientific way to identify the best investment opportunity will have a very positive impact on the choice of an investor. An efficient stock is a stock whose price information is reflected in the market and the use of past stock prices over a period of time to analyze future trends and fluctuations in stocks leads to correct and citationable results. In this study, assuming poor performance, a stock portfolio consisting of 11 shares accepted in the Iranian capital market has been examined. In the sense that through the stock price information from 95 to 99 years, the trend and intensity of fluctuations have been examined. Because the liquidity of stocks has increased and it will be safe to invest. The results of this research using multi-fractal method show more detailed details of the efficient stock ranking steps in a portfolio.

According to the special role of oil in the international economy and also the effect fluctuations of this global variable on the performance of financial market and its role in financial dicisions always has been considered by investors.Therefore, the role of oil in the economy is not only for macroeconomic indicators, rather it has affected on the stock market indicators and variables. Also, according to the special role of oil in the economy of Iran and foreign exchange earnings, the stock market can be affected by fluctuations of oil price. Therefore, determining and recognizing the impact of stock price has played a significant role in forcasting and the overall market trend. And it should also be considered important in the level of investor sentiments and desire to invest. One of the components that always fluctuate the investor sentiments is oil price. In countries such as Iran , Which are heavily dependent on oil revenues the effects of oil price fluctuations are also more sever.Considering that the result of oil exports is the entry of currency in to the country and these currencies are used by the government to developthe country.So the exchange rate is one of therelated categories with investor sentiments.According to the description provided to achieve prosperity and stability development ,studing and recognizing the investor sentiments and the effective factors are special important.Accordingly , in present study using the monthly data for the years from 1391 to 1398 with the approach of markovs swiching identify the factors affecting the investment.Research results show that fluctuation in oil prices, exchange rate , money supply and consumer price index can be effective on the investor sentiment.

The present study examines the impact of corporate governance on the stock crash risk of companies. Although in previous studies several indicators have been used to measure corporate governance, the present study using multi-criteria decision model to combine numerous individual metrics (one-dimensional) available in accounting and financial literature with the help of experts' opinions and their weighting, and by using mathematical modeling provides a Composite measures of corporate governance and then tests its impact on companies' stock crash. The research hypothesis was tested using a sample consisting of 125 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2015 to 2019 and using a multivariate regression model based on combined data technique. The results show that there is a negative and significant relationship between corporate governance and the stock crash risk. Also, the results of the sensitivity analysis test indicate that the use of alternative criteria to measure the stock crash risk does not affect the main results of the study and the research results are strong enough. The research findings, while filling the gap of previous studies on providing a Composite mathematical model for measuring corporate governance, can be a guide for capital market legislators, investors and other users of accounting information in making decision.

The purpose of this study is to identify a certain criterion of free cash flow that has the most value content under the influence of growth opportunities and corporate governance system. In fact, the purpose of this study is to conduct research that can be effective in improving the comparability of companies and thus the quality of financial reporting by identifying a specific pattern of free cash flow that has value content. To achieve this goal, 11 widely used free cash flow models were tested on a sample of 180 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during 2009 to 2019 using panel data regression to examine the value content. The results of testing the research hypotheses showed that free cash flow based on the model of Lehn & Poulsen (1989) with a higher R2 than other models of free cash flow can explain changes in stock market prices under the influence of growth opportunities and corporate governance. . Overall, the findings show that the market gives more weight to the free cash flows of companies that have the opportunity for further growth and a strong corporate governance system.

Companies operate in environments where the company's ability to make a profit alone cannot guarantee the company's growth and survival. But maintaining the balance between business growth and social growth is expected to increase the company's profitability to some extent. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the adjusting role of real profit management on the relationship between organizational risk management and management overconfidence with social responsibilities in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this regard, 101 companies (707 year-company views) listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 1392 to 1398 have been studied. In order to test the research hypotheses, the multiple linear regression model was used using panel data. The results of this study show that there is a positive and significant relationship between organizational risk management and managerial overconfidence with corporate social responsibilities. Also, the research findings showed that real profit management weakens the relationship between organizational risk management and managerial overconfidence with corporate social responsibilities.